几年前透过殷海光的著作认识F.A. Hayek （海耶克）, The Road to Serfdom，《到奴役之路》这本经典之作。后来也在其他书籍读到关于这本书的一些阐述。为了进一步了解其中思想，就买了原著。只是拖了一年多才到现在定下心来好好读。
这一本1944年出版的经典，大力抨击当时的Socialism（海耶克指的是State Socialism），海耶克认为失去了经济自由，也失去了更高层次的自由。没有所谓的用经济来换取自由1。饭碗被人拿着，只有跪着乞讨。奇怪的是，现今还是很多人会说，民主自由能当饭吃吗？问题恐怕是，在独裁政府底下，你有没有口饭吃，还得看人脸色。回溯中共土改杀人，农民自以为翻了身，从此做主了，可没想到才没过几年就被彻底地打成农奴，饿死在自家田里。此外，一个人读完书就被派到国家指定单位工作，没有工作选择自由。大家拿着粮票过生活，没了经济自由，哪有个人自由。
海耶克也认为若一个人牺牲自我只为了达到群体共同目标，这就是不能容忍异见，最后极权主义的归宿。2
Once you admit that the
individual is merely a means to serve the ends of the higher entity called
society or the nation, most of those features of totalitarian regimes which
horrify us follow of necessity. From the collectivist standpoint intolerance
and brutal suppression of dissent, the complete disregard of the life and
happiness of the individual, are essential and unavoidable consequences of this
basic premise, and the collectivist can admit this and at the same time claim
that his system is superior to one in which the “selfish” interests of the
individual are allowed to obstruct the full realization of the ends of the
community pursues.
这就是中共赞美的螺丝钉精神。为了党国伟业，尽忠职守，小我不足惜。
除了集体主义，海耶克也非常痛恨计划经济。他认为计划经济到最后一定是无可避免导致出现一个极权政府，个人自由在计划经济里是没有容身之处。只要经济完全在政府掌控之下，个人权利肯定是被忽视，极权国家就是最后的答案。
除此，海耶克还为当时很多自由主义者被社会主义诉说的美好愿景迷惑而写说，3
There can be no doubt that the
promise of greater freedom has become one of the most effective weapons of
socialist propaganda and that the belief that socialism would bring freedom is genuine
and sincere. But this would only heighten the tragedy if it should prove that
what was promised to us as the Road to Freedom was in fact the High Road to
Servitude. Unquestionably the promise of more freedom was responsible for
luring more and more liberals along the socialist road, for blinding them to
the conflict which exists between the basic principles of socialism and
liberalism, and for often enabling socialists to usurp the very name of the old
party of freedom. Socialism was embraced by the greater part of the intelligentsia
as the apparent heir of the liberal tradition: therefore it is not surprising
that to them the idea should appear inconceivable of socialism leading to the
opposite of liberty.
有趣的是，这本书在1944年出版。如果当时那些“中国共产党底副产物”可以读到这本书，而且还是完全明白海耶克的思想理论，那么中共伪装面具也可早一些被更多人看穿。
The Road
to Serfdom探讨国家社会主义和计划经济的可能结局都在后来中共倒行逆施和生活在大陆的人民得到验证。1949年后没能“建设一个新世界”，反而把亿万人民驱使到奴役之路。果然没有共产党就没有新中国。
Feb 11,
2025 – RC
1 F.A Hayek.
The Road to Serfdom. First published 1944 by George Routledge &
Sons. First published in Routledge Classics 2001 by Routledge. 91 – 93.
殷海光写说，挟“经济平等”的要求而来的共产主义者攻势凌厉。在这种危疑震撼的情势逼迫之下，并且部分地由于缓和这种情势的心情驱使，中国许多倾向自由主义的知识分子酝酿出“政治民主，经济平等”的主张。这个主张是根本不通的。这个主张的实质就是“在政治作主人，在经济作奴隶”。我个人觉得这个主张是怪彆扭的。引自〈《到奴役之路》自序〉， 殷海光著 潘光哲编：《是什么，就说什么：殷海光选集》上册。国立台湾大学出版中心，2016年4月初版，第152页。
2 如上，153
3 如上，27
